What is Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure where a long, thin tube is inserted into the colon for the detection of abnormalities or diseases in the large intestine. The tube, called a colonoscope, contains a small video camera which allows the physician to visualise the inside of the colon. Besides diagnostics, colonoscopy is also used to remove polyps and other abnormal tissue as well as acquire material for biopsies.

What happens during a Colonoscopy?

Before the colonoscopy procedure, the patient’s intestines need to be cleaned out. This is done either by taking a laxative or undergoing an enema. The patient is advised against consuming solid food during the day prior to the procedure.

During the procedure, a sedative is given to the patient to keep them comfortable. They are made to lie on the exam table with their knees folded to their chest. The colonoscope is then inserted into the rectum and carbon dioxide gas is pumped into the intestines. This causes the intestines to become inflated and allows easy visualisation. The physician studies the insides of the colon and intestines for any abnormalities. Tissue samples may also be extracted for biopsies. The colonoscope also contains specialised tools that allow the removal of polyps and other abnormal tissue.

A typical colonoscopy procedure takes between 30 to 60 minutes. The patient can go home the same day and can resume regular activities the following day.

When is a Colonoscopy required?

The intestines are as susceptible to many conditions just like the rest of your body. Your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy during any of the following cases:

• To check for colon cancer, especially in people older than 50 years. Doctors recommend colonoscopies every 10 years to screen for cancer.
• To identify and remove polyps growing inside the intestines. Removing polyps helps reduce the risks of colon cancer
• To investigate signs and symptoms of intestinal conditions such as rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, chronic diarrhoea or constipation etc.