What is Cerumen?

Cerumen is the medical term for earwax, which is the yellowish, waxy substance found inside your ears. It is formed by the sebaceous glands found within the ear canal and mainly consists of dead skin cells. The purpose of earwax is to protect, clean and lubricate the ear canal and its lining. It traps dirt, repels water and protects the ear canal and eardrum from bacteria, fungi and insects.

Cerumen has antimicrobial properties and is essential for a healthy ear canal. Without earwax, your ears become susceptible to infections and waterlogging. It also prevents the lining of the ear canal from becoming dry. Earwax can cause problems as well, such as hearing loss or infection.

What are the symptoms of Cerumen problems?

The accumulation or hardening of earwax can form a plug or block within the ear canal. This can be painful and affect your hearing. Here are some symptoms of cerumen problems:

• Earache
• Itching in the ear
• Ear infection
• Ringing in the ear or tinnitus
• Vertigo or problems with balance
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Cough

An excessive accumulation of cerumen often causes hearing-aid faults. Many people insert cotton swabs or other objects to try and clear earwax. It is important that you never insert anything in the ear as it can push the earwax deeper into the ear canal, making the problem worse.

How are Cerumen problems treated?

Earwax normally falls out on its own. To remove excess cerumen, it is best to use a soft towel to wipe the outside of the ear. Your doctor may recommend some suitable over-the-counter treatments such as ear drops to soften and remove excessive earwax. If these treatments do not work, the doctor will irrigate the ear and manually remove the impacted cerumen.